Initialization by Wizard

When you log in to ZStack Cube Ultimate for the first time, enter http://management_node_ip:5000 in the address bar of Chrome 49 or later, enter the default account name admin and the default initial password password, then you are directed to ZStack Cube Ultimate wizard to setup an initialization environment.
  • If you stop using the wizard or delete key resources during initial setup, you are not directed to use the wizard again.
  • We recommend that you use the wizard to complete the basic environment configurations of ZStack Cube Ultimate.

Automated Initialization

Automated Initialization

During the automated initialization, ZStack Cube Ultimate automatically creates the following basic resources:
  • Zone: A zone is a logical group of resources such as clusters, L2 networks, and primary storage. Zone is the largest resource scope defined in the Cloud.
  • Cluster: A cluster is a logical group of hosts (compute nodes).
  • Host: A host provides compute, network, and storage resources for VM instances.
  • Backup Storage: A backup storage is a storage server that stores VM image templates, including ISO image files.
  • Primary Storage: A primary storage is one or more servers that store volume files of VM instances. These files include root volume snapshots, data volume snapshots, image caches, root volumes, and data volumes.
  • Instance Offering: An instance offering defines the number of vCPU cores, memory size, network bandwidth, and other configuration settings of VM instances.
  • Image: An image is a template file used to create a VM instance or volume. Images are categorized into system images and volume images.
  • L2 Network: An L2 network is a layer 2 broadcast domain used for layer 2 isolation. Generally, L2 networks are identified by names of devices on the physical network.
  • L3 Network: An L3 network includes IP ranges, gateway, DNS, and other network configurations that are used by VM instances.
Note: If you do not configure a business network when deploying ZStack Cube Ultimate, the system does not automatically create L2 and L3 networks during the automated initialization and you need to manually create them. For more information, see Create Network
When creating the above resources:
  • The system creates hosts, backup storage, and primary storage according to the hardware information it scans.
  • The system creates multiple instance offerings:
    • Balanced Type: The CPU-to-memory ratio is 1:4, such as 1C4G, 2C8G, 4C16G, and 8C32G.
    • Compute-Enhanced Type: The CPU-to-memory ratio is 1:2, such as1C2G, 2C4G, 4C8G, and 8C16G.
    • Memory-Enhanced Type: The CPU-to-memory ratio is 1:8,such as 2C16G, 4C32G, 8C64G, 16C128G.
  • The system creates multiple disk offerings, including 20GB, 40GB, 100GB, 200GB, and 500GB.
Note: If any resources fail to be created or added, click Retry to reattempt the failed step and continue initialization.

Create Network

If you do not configure a business network when deploying ZStack Cube Ultimate, the system does not automatically create L2 and L3 networks during the automated initialization and you need to manually create them.

Create L2 Network

Set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the L2 network.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L2 network.
  • Type: Choose a network type for the L2 network. Valid values: L2NoVlanNetwork, L2VlanNetwork.
    • L2NoVlanNetwork
      • If you do not need to use VLAN, select L2NoVlanNetwork.
      • If you select L2NoVlanNetwork, the switch port connected by the specified NIC must be in the Access mode.
    • L2VlanNetwork
      • If you need to use VLAN on ZStack Cube Ultimate, select L2VlanNetwork.
      • If you select L2VlanNetwork, the switch port connected by the specified NIC must be in the Trunk mode.
      • VLAN ID: Enter a VLAN ID that matches the actual network configurations. Valid values: 1 to 4094.
  • Network Acceleration Mode: Improve the L2 network performance by using different acceleration technologies. Currently, only the Standard mode is supported. This mode does not use network acceleration.
  • NIC Name: Select or enter an NIC name for the L2 network. For example, em01.
    Note: You can only select or enter an NIC name shared across all hosts in the cluster.
Figure 1. Create L2 Network


Create L3 Network

Set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the L3 network.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L3 network.
  • Network Type: The wizard supports only flat network.
  • Network Range Method: Select a method to add a network range for the L3 network. You can select IP Range or CIDR.
    • If you select IP Range, you need to set the following parameters:
      • Start IP: Set a start IP address for the network range, for example, 172.20.108.100.
      • End IP: Set an end IP address for the network range, for example, 172.20.108.200.
      • Netmask: Set a netmask for the network range, for example, 255.255.0.0.
      • Gateway: Set a gateway for the network range, for example, 172.20.0.1.
      • DNS: Add a DNS server to provide domain name resolution services for the L3 network. You can specify 223.5.5.5, 8.8.8.8, or 114.114.114.114.
    • If you select CIDR, you need to set the following parameters:
      • CIDR: Set a CIDR block for the L3 network, for example, 192.168.108.1/24.
      • Gateway: Set a gateway for the L3 network, for example, 192.168.108.1.
        Note:
        • We recommend that you use the first or last IP address in the specified CIDR block as the gateway.
        • If left blank, the first IP address in the specified CIDR block is used as the gateway.
      • DNS: Add a DNS server to provide domain name resolution services for the L3 network. You can specify 223.5.5.5, 8.8.8.8, or 114.114.114.114.
Figure 2. Create L3 Network


Now, the automated initialization is completed.

Manual Initialization

Create a Zone

About this task

A zone is a logical group of resources such as clusters, L2 networks, and primary storage. Zone is the largest resource scope defined in the Cloud.

Figure 3. Create Zone


On the displayed page, set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the zone.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the zone.
Click Next to complete the creation of the zone.

Create a Cluster

About this task

A cluster is a logical group of hosts (compute nodes). A cluster supports both KVM (native) and XDragon (baremetal) hypervisors.

Figure 4. Create Cluster


On the displayed page, set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the cluster.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the cluster.
  • Type: Optional. Select a hypervisor type for the server. Valid values: KVM and XDragon.
  • CPU Architecture: Optional. Set the CPU architecture of the hosts in the cluster. If left blank, when you add the first host to the cluster, the CPU architecture of the hosts that you later add to the cluster must be the same as the architecture of this host. You cannot change the CPU architecture of the cluster any more.
Click Next to complete the creation of the cluster.

Add a Host

About this task

Host: A physical server that provides compute, network, and storage resources for VM instances.

As shown in the following figure, select the host to be added and click Next. ZStack Cube Ultimate will invoke backend jobs to configure the host.

Figure 5. Add a Host


To modify host configuration information, click the edit icon on the right. The following information can be modified:
  • Name: Enter the host name.
  • Description: Optional. You can leave it empty.
  • SSH Port: Enter the SSH port of the host. The default port is 22.
  • Username: Enter a username with sudo permissions. For a non-root user, make sure sudo permissions are granted.
  • Password: Enter the password. The password is case-sensitive.
Note: When creating a non-root user, we recommend using the adduser command. For example:
# Create a non-root user named test
[root@localhost ~]# adduser test
# Grant sudo permissions to test
[root@localhost ~]# echo "test ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >>/etc/sudoers

The configuration process may take several minutes. If the installation fails, an error message will be displayed.

What to do next

If you add more hosts to the same cluster in the same zone after the wizard is complete, install the same CentOS system on the hosts. The SSH port, username, and password do not need to be the same.

Add an Image Storage

A backup storage is a storage server that stores VM image templates, including ISO image files.

Set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the image storage.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the image storage.
  • Storage Pool: Optional. Specify a storage pool.
    • If you specify a storage pool, make sure that you have created the corresponding pool in the Ceph storage cluster in advance.
    • If you do not specify a storage pool, the system automatically creates a pool in the Ceph storage cluster and use ths pool to create the image storage.
If you need to modify monitoring node configurations, click the edit button behind the node. The following parameters can be modified.
  • SSH Port: Default: 22. If you have manually configured an SSH port for the node in advance, enter the port number you configured.
  • Username: Default: root. If you have created a regular user for the node, you can enter the corresponding user name.
    Note: Make sure that you have configured sudo privileges for the regular user.
  • Password: Enter the password of the user. The password is case-sensitive.

Click Next and the system creates a Ceph image storage.

Add Primary Storage

About this task

Primary storage provides storage resources for VM volumes. In the initialization wizard, add Ceph primary storage as required.

Figure 6. Add Ceph Primary Storage


Enter the following information as needed:
  • Name: Enter the primary storage name.
  • Description: Optional. You can leave it empty.
  • Storage Pool: Optional. Specify a Ceph storage pool if needed. If specified, create the storage pool in the Ceph storage cluster in advance. If not specified, a storage pool is automatically created by default.
To modify Mon node configuration information, click the edit icon on the right. The following information can be modified:
  • SSH Port: The default port is 22.
  • Username: The default username is root. You can also enter a non-root user with sudo permissions.
  • Password: Enter the password. The password is case-sensitive.

Click Next to complete Ceph primary storage addition.

Create an Instance Offering

About this task

An instance offering defines the number of vCPU cores, memory size, network bandwidth, and other configuration settings of VM instances.

Figure 7. Create Instance Offering


On the displayed page, set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the instance offering.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the instance offering.
  • CPU: Enter the number of CPU cores of a VM instance.
  • Memory: Set the size of the VM memory. Note that this value must be an integer. Unit: MB, GB, and TB.
  • Host Allocation Strategy: Specify how the Cloud allocates hosts when you create VM instances. Default strategy: Host with min. running VMs.
    • Host with min. running VMs: Allocates the host with the minimum number of running VM instances to create VM instances.
    • Host with min. CPU utilization: Allocates the host with the minimum CPU utilization to create VM instances.
      Note:
      • The Cloud collects the host CPU loads over a period of time, calculates the CPU average utilization during this period, and then selects the host with the lowest CPU utilization to create VM instances.
      • By default, the Cloud collects data at an interval of 10 minutes. You can change the collection cycle by using the following method:

        Choose Settings > Platform Setting > Global Setting > Advanced > Host and set Host CPU Utilization Collection Interval

    • Host with min. memory utilization: Allocates the host with the minimum memory utilization to create VM instances.
      Note:
      • The Cloud collects the host memory loads over a period of time, calculates the memory average utilization during this period, and then selects the host with the lowest memory utilization to create VM instances.
      • By default, the Cloud collects data at an interval of 10 minutes. You can change the collection cycle by using the following method:

        Choose Settings > Platform Setting > Global Setting > Advanced > Host and set Host Memory Utilization Collection Interval.

    • Host with max. running VMs: Allocates the host with the maximum number of running VM instances to create VM instances. Before you can use this option, set the maximum number of VM instances that can run on a host. Then, the Cloud selects the host that meets the requirements to create VM instances. If no host is available, you will fail to create a VM instance.
    • Host where the VM located last time: When you restart a stopped VM instance, the system selects the host where the VM was running last time.
      Note: If you start a VM instance for the first time, the Cloud allocates a host randomly.
    • Random allocation: Randomly allocates a host to create VM instances.
  • Set Disk Bandwidth: Optional. Set an upper limit for the I/O bandwidth of the root volume.
    If not set, the I/O bandwidth of the root volume is not limited. Unit: MB/s, GB/s, and TB/s. You can set the I/O bandwidth by using either of the following methods:
    • Total Speed:

      Set an upper limit for the total read and write speed of the root volume. Valid values: 1 MB/s to 100 GB/s, integer. Unit: MB/s and GB/s.

    • Read/Write Speed:
      Set an upper limit for the read or write speed of the root volume.
      • Read Speed: Optional. Set an upper limit for the read speed of the root volume. Valid values: 1 MB/s to 100 GB/s, integer. Unit: MB/s and GB/s.
      • Write Speed: Optional. Set an upper limit for the write speed of the root volume. Valid values: 1 MB/s to 100 GB/s, integer. Unit: MB/s and GB/s.
  • Set Disk IOPS: Optional. Set an upper limit for reads/writes per second (IOPS) of a volume.
    If not set, the IOPS of a volume is not limited. You can set the IOPS by using either of the following methods:
    • Total IOPS: Set an upper limit for the total IOPS of a volume.
    • Read/Write IOPS: Set an upper limit for the read or write IOPS of a volume.
      • Read IOPS: Optional. Set an upper limit for the read IOPS of a volume.
      • Write IOPS: Optional. Set an upper limit for the write IOPS of a volume.
  • Set Network Bandwidth: Optional. Set an upper limit for the network bandwidth of a VM instance.
    • Upstream Bandwidth: Optional. Set an upper limit of the network bandwidth for uploading data from a VM instance. If not set, the network bandwidth of a VM instance is not limited. Valid values: 8 Kbps to 100 Gbps, integer. Unit: Kbps, Mbps, and Gbps.
    • Downstream Bandwidth: Optional. Set an upper limit of the network bandwidth for downloading data from a VM instance. If not set, the network bandwidth of a VM instance is not limited. Valid values: 8 Kbps to 100 Gbps, integer. Unit: Kbps, Mbps, and Gbps.
      Note: Before you make any settings, make sure that you fully understand the configurations of the disk bandwidth and network bandwidth. Otherwise, you might fail to upload files to or download files from a VM instance.
  • Advanced Parameter: Optional. Configure a JSON file to customize disk performance.
    Sample:
    {
      "allocate": {
        "primaryStorage": {
          "type": "Enter a primary storage type. Valid values: Ceph, LocalStorage, NFS, and SharedBlock.",
          "uuid": "Enter the UUID of the primary storage.",
          "poolNames": [
            "Enter a name for the Ceph pool. Delete this parameter if you do not specify a Ceph primary storage."
          ]
        }
        "clusterUuid":"Enter the cluster UUID."
      },
      "priceUserConfig": {
        "rootVolume": {
          "priceKeyName": "Set the billing name for the root volume. Make sure that the advanced parameter setting in the pricing list is consistent with the setting here. Otherwise, the corresponding billing entries cannot be generated."
        }
      },
      "displayAttribute": {
        "rootVolume": {
          "diskType": "Set the display type of the root volume. You can view this parameter setting on the VM details page."
        }
      }
    }
    The preceding configuration settings can be divided into the following three parts:
    1. Set a primary storage and cluster for the root volume.
      "allocate": {
          "primaryStorage": {
            "type": "Enter a primary storage type. Valid values: Ceph, LocalStorage, NFS, and SharedBlock.",
            "uuid": "Enter a primary storage UUID.",
            "poolNames": [
              "Enter the name of a Ceph pool. Delete this parameter if you do not specify a Ceph primary storage."
            ]
          }
          "clusterUuid":"Enter a cluster UUID."
        }
      • type: Enter a primary storage type. Valid values: Ceph, LocalStorage, NFS, and SharedBlock. If you specify a Ceph primary storage, you can specify a Ceph pool.
      • uuid: Enter a primary storage UUID.
      • poolNames: Enter the name of a Ceph pool. Delete this parameter if you do not specify a Ceph primary storage.
      Note: If you do not need to specify a primary storage or a cluster, delete the corresponding codes.
    2. Set a billing type for the root volume.
      "priceUserConfig": {
          "rootVolume": {
            "priceKeyName": "Set a billing name for the root volume. Make sure that advanced parameter setting in the pricing list is consistent with this setting. Otherwise, the corresponding billing entries cannot be generated."
          }
        }
      • priceKeyName: Set a billing name for the root volume. Make sure that advanced parameter setting in the pricing list is consistent with this setting. Otherwise, the corresponding billing entries cannot be generated.
      Note: If you do not need billing settings, delete the preceding parameter settings.
    3. Set the display attribute of the root volume.
      "displayAttribute": {
          "rootVolume": {
            "diskType": "Set the display type for the root volume. You can view this parameter setting on the VM details page."
          }
        }
      • rootVolume: Set the display type for the root volume. You can view this parameter setting on the VM details page. You can also set multiple attributes in key-value pair format.
      Note: If you do not need special display, delete the corresponding codes.
Click Next to complete the creation of the instance offering.

Add an Image

About this task

An image is a template file used to create a VM instance or volume. Images are categorized into system images and volume images.

Figure 8. Add Image


On the displayed page, set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the image.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the image.
  • Image Format: Select an image format. You can select qcow2, iso, or raw based on the image file property.
  • Platform: Select an image platform type. Valid values: Linux, Windows, and Other.
    Note: The Other platform type allows compatibility with earlier versions of an OS.
  • OS: Select an operating system that is consistent with the image.
  • VirtIO: Choose whether to enable VirtIO according to your actual operating system and platform.
  • Backup Storage: Select a backup storage.
  • Image Path: Specify an image URL or upload a local file:
    • URL: Enter a specified URL to add an image. You can enter a URL by using either of the following syntax:
      • A URL that starts with http or https:
        • Syntax: http://host[:port]/path/file or https://host[:port]/path/file.
        • Example: http://cdn.zstack.io/product_downloads/images/zstack-image.qcow2
      • A URL that starts with ftp:
        • Syntax that does not specifies the user: ftp://hostname[:port]/path/file.

          Example: ftp://172.20.0.10/pub/zstack-image.qcow2.

        • Syntax that specifies the user: ftp://user:password@hostname[:port]/path/file.

          Example: ftp://zstack:password@172.20.0.10/pub/zstack-image.qcow2.

      • A URL that starts with sftp:
        • Syntax that specifies the user identity: sftp://user:password@hostname[:port]/path/file.

          Example: sftp://root:password@172.20.0.10/pub/zstack-image.qcow2.

        • User-identity-free syntax: sftp://user@hostname[:port]/path/file.

          Example: sftp://root@172.20.0.10/pub/zstack-image.qcow2.

      • The absolute path of an image file that is stored on a backup storage. The backup storage that stores the image file can be an ImageStore backup storage.

        Example: file:///opt/zstack-dvd/zstack-image-1.4.qcow2.

      Note:
      • The image file to be added to the destination backup storage must exist and the backup storage needs to have access to the URL of the image file.
      • If you enter a URL that starts with sftp and does not specify user identity, make sure that you enable mutual password-free SSH login between the backup storage and SFTP server.
      • For the progress bar and resumption from breakpoint features:
        • If you use an ImageStore backup storage, a progress bar will appear to display the upload progress. In addition, upload resumption from breakpoints is also supported.
        • If you use a Ceph backup storage, a progress bar will appear to display the upload progress. However, upload resumption from breakpoints is not supported.
      • If you specify a URL with the file:/// syntax to add an image:
        • Ceph backup storage does not support the file:/// syntax.
        • The three forward slashes (/) in file:/// represents the absolute path of a file on a backup storage. For example, if you specify the URL file:///opt/zstack-dvd/image-1.4.qcow2, you add the image file named image-1.4.qcow2 in the /opt/zstack-dvd path of a backup storage to the Cloud.
    • Local File: Select a local image file that the current browser can access and upload the image file to the specified backup storage. The backup storage that stores the image file can be an ImageStore or Ceph backup storage.
  • BIOS Mode: Select a BIOS mode. You can select the Legacy or UEFI mode.
    • Legacy: This mode supports all operating systems (OSs) and ensures stable operation. We recommend you select this mode.
    • UEFI: If the CPU architecture is AArch64 or MIPS64EL, you must select UEFI. This mode supports Windows and CentOS. Note if you use Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008, make sure that the operating system uses CSM.
    Note: Mode mismatch may make VM instances unable to work as expected. Select a mode according to your business needs:
    • If you add an image in the qcow2 or raw format, select the mode used when the image was created.
    • If you add an image in the iso format, you can select either of the two modes. OS will be boot based on the selected mode.
    • If you want to boot the OS of a VM instance in UEFI mode, we recommend that you select a VM image that is created from one of the OS listed in the following table.
      OS BIOS Mode Supported Versions
      Windows UEFI
      • Windows 8 or later
      UEFI
      • Windows 7
      • Windows Server 2008 R2
      Linux UEFI
      • CentOS 7.2
      • CentOS 7.3
      • CentOS 7.4 or later
    • If you use a Window-based VM instance such as Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2016, or Windows 10 that has its OS boot in UEFI mode, the following figure will be displayed after you start the VM instance. In this case, press any key to continue the installation of the OS. Otherwise, the system will enter the UEFI Shell.
      Figure 9. Press Any Key to Continue


      If you have entered the UEFI Shell, run the following commands to exit the UEFI Shell:
      Shell> fs0:
      FS0:\> dir
      FS0:\> cd EFI
      FS0:\EFI\> cd BOOT
      FS0:\EFI\BOOT\> BOOTX64.EFI
      Then press any key in a timely manner. Otherwise, the system will reenter the UEFI Shell.
  • QEMU Guest Agent: Optional. Choose whether the current image has installed QEMU Guest Agent (QGA).
    Note: If the image has installed QGA and has set the agent as auto-start and you use the image to create a VM instance, you can modify the passwords of this VM instance, the clones of this VM instance, and the VM instances created from the image that is created from this VM instance when these instances are in the running state.
  • Support Elastic Baremetal Instance: Optional. Choose whether the image can be used to create an elastic baremetal instance. If enabled, the image can be used to create an elastic baremetal instance.
    Note: When you add an image of an elastic baremetal instance, make sure:
    • The image has installed the agent. Otherwise, after you use the image to create an elastic baremetal instance, you cannot open its console or modify its password. In addition, you cannot attach a volume or network to or detach them from the instance.
    • The BIOS mode of the image is consistent with the system configuration. Default: UEFI. If you want to use Legacy, contact the technical support.
Click Next to complete the addition of the image.

Create an L2 Network

About this task

An L2 network is a layer 2 broadcast domain used for layer 2 isolation. Generally, L2 networks are identified by names of devices on the physical network.

Figure 10. Create L2 Network


On the displayed page, set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the L2 network.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L2 network.
  • Type: Choose a network type for the L2 network. Valid values: L2NoVlanNetwork, L2VlanNetwork.
    • L2NoVlanNetwork
      • If you do not need to use VLAN, select L2NoVlanNetwork.
      • If you select L2NoVlanNetwork, the switch port connected by the specified NIC must be in the Access mode.
    • L2VlanNetwork
      • If you need to use VLAN on ZStack Cube Ultimate, select L2VlanNetwork.
      • If you select L2VlanNetwork, the switch port connected by the specified NIC must be in the Trunk mode.
      • VLAN ID: Enter a VLAN ID that matches the actual network configurations. Valid values: 1 to 4094.
  • Network Acceleration Mode: Improve the L2 network performance by using different acceleration technologies. Currently, only the Standard mode is supported. This mode does not use network acceleration.
  • NIC Name: Select or enter an NIC name for the L2 network. For example, em01.
    Note: You can only select or enter an NIC name shared across all hosts in the cluster.
Click Next to complete the creation of the L2 network.

Create an L3 Network

About this task

An L3 network includes IP ranges, gateway, DNS, and other network configurations that are used by VM instances.

Figure 11. Create L3 Network


On the displayed page, set the following parameters:
  • Name: Enter a name for the L3 network.
  • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L3 network.
  • Network Type: The wizard supports only flat network.
  • Network Range Method: Select a method to add a network range for the L3 network. You can select IP Range or CIDR.
    • If you select IP Range, you need to set the following parameters:
      • Start IP: Set a start IP address for the network range, for example, 172.20.108.100.
      • End IP: Set an end IP address for the network range, for example, 172.20.108.200.
      • Netmask: Set a netmask for the network range, for example, 255.255.0.0.
      • Gateway: Set a gateway for the network range, for example, 172.20.0.1.
      • DNS: Add a DNS server to provide domain name resolution services for the L3 network. You can specify 223.5.5.5, 8.8.8.8, or 114.114.114.114.
    • If you select CIDR, you need to set the following parameters:
      • CIDR: Set a CIDR block for the L3 network, for example, 192.168.108.1/24.
      • Gateway: Set a gateway for the L3 network, for example, 192.168.108.1.
        Note:
        • We recommend that you use the first or last IP address in the specified CIDR block as the gateway.
        • If left blank, the first IP address in the specified CIDR block is used as the gateway.
      • DNS: Add a DNS server to provide domain name resolution services for the L3 network. You can specify 223.5.5.5, 8.8.8.8, or 114.114.114.114.
Click Next to complete the creation of the L3 network.

What to do next

At this point, all manual initialization wizard settings are completed.

User Guide | 2.4.8.38 | Flagship Edition · HCI | ZStack Resource Center