Resource Performance Monitoring

ZSphere provides visual charts that display resource performance monitoring data over a period of time, helping administrators understand compute, storage, and network utilization trends and evaluate resource health.

Monitoring Chart Types

Chart Type	Description
Bar Chart	Displays capacity usage data as proportional bars, helping administrators quickly understand resource capacity information.
Line Chart	Displays resource performance metrics as line charts, helping administrators observe metric trends over time.

Monitoring Data Collection Methods

ZSphere provides Basic Monitoring and Advanced Monitoring for VMs, collecting data from the host and from inside the VM, respectively.

Basic Monitoring: Collects monitoring data from the host running the VM. CPU Ready Time, CPU Readiness, I/O Latency, Network Packet Drops, and the basic Memory Usage and Free Memory Capacity metrics do not require VMTools.
Advanced Monitoring: Monitoring data is obtained from inside the VM by the Advanced Monitoring Agent. VMTools must be installed in the VM before Advanced Monitoring can be used.

Monitoring Data Sampling and Refresh

CPU Ready Time, CPU Readiness, I/O Latency, and Network Packet Drops are collected every 60 seconds by default. Monitoring charts refresh automatically when you select a relative time range, such as the last 15 minutes or 1 hour.

If a chart displays “No Data”, no data is available for display in the current query range. This does not mean the metric value is 0.

View Monitoring Charts

ZSphere supports viewing resource utilization metrics through line charts.

Procedure

In the navigation pane, choose Inventory.
Select the resource object to view, such as a VM, host, cluster, image storage, data storage, or distributed port group.
On the resource details page, click Monitoring.
Select the metrics to display as needed.
Select or customize the time range as needed.
Select one or more monitoring objects as needed.

Customize Monitoring Charts

Administrators can adjust the time range, metrics, monitoring objects, and chart position displayed in monitoring charts.

View data point details.
Hover over a chart to view details about the corresponding data point.
Adjust the time range.
By default, monitoring data from the last 15 minutes is displayed. You can select 15 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 1 year, or a custom time range. When you select a custom time range, the charts display data between the specified start and end times without automatic refresh, and the refresh button is unavailable.
Select metrics.
Open Monitoring Item, select the metrics to display, and click Save. For example, select CPU Ready Time, CPU Readiness, I/O Latency, or Network Packet Drops to examine scheduling wait times, disk response times, or network packet drops for a host or VM.
Select monitoring objects.
Use the options available in each chart to display data for all or selected monitoring objects. The following charts support different scopes for hosts and VMs:
- CPU Ready Time: For both hosts and VMs, select Aggregate or individual CPUs. For VMs, CPUs refer to vCPUs.
- CPU Readiness: For VMs, select Aggregate or individual vCPUs. For hosts, the aggregate value is displayed.
- I/O Latency: For VMs, select Aggregate or individual disks. For hosts, view read and write latency by disk.
- Network Packet Drops: Select individual NICs to view packet drop counts in the receive and transmit directions.
Adjust chart positions.
Drag monitoring charts to change their display order.

Metrics Reference

Supported metrics vary by resource object. The following table lists common resource objects and metrics.

Object	Metric	Item and Description
Cluster	CPU, memory, disk, NIC	CPU utilization sum, memory usage percentage, disk IOPS sum (read/write), and NIC data transfer rate sum (send/receive).
Host	CPU	CPU Utilization: The proportion of time the CPU is in a non-idle state. CPU Idle Rate: The proportion of time the CPU is in an idle state. CPU Occupancy Rate (System Process): The proportion of time the CPU spends in kernel space for operations such as memory allocation, I/O operations, and child process creation. CPU Occupancy Rate (User Process): The proportion of time the CPU spends in user space for programs such as shells, databases, and web servers. CPU Occupancy Rate Average (Waiting): The proportion of time the CPU spends waiting for the hard disk drive to load data into memory after initiating a read or write operation. CPU Ready Time: The total time that runnable tasks on the host spend waiting to be scheduled on a CPU during a sampling interval, in milliseconds. You can view the host aggregate or the value for an individual logical CPU. CPU Readiness: CPU scheduling wait time as a percentage, calculated as CPU Ready Time ÷ (sampling interval in milliseconds × number of online logical CPUs) × 100%. Displays the host aggregate. Host CPU ready metrics measure scheduling wait times for tasks on the host. They are not sums or averages of the corresponding VM metrics.
Host	Memory	Memory Usage: The amount of used and free resource memory.
Host	Disk	Disk Speed: The read and write speed of the resource disk. Disk IOPS: The read and write IOPS of the resource disk. Disk Latency: The latency of the resource disk. I/O Latency: The average time taken by the selected disk to complete a read or write request during a sampling interval, in milliseconds. Read and write latencies are displayed separately. Total Disk Usage Ratio: The percentage of used capacity across all host disks. Total Disk Usage: The amount of used capacity across all host disks. Disk Usage Ratio of Platform System Files: The percentage of disk capacity occupied by platform system files. Disk Usage of Platform System Files: The amount of disk capacity occupied by platform system files.
Host	LUN	LUN Speed: Read/Write: The current read and write throughput of the LUN. LUN IOPS: Read/Write: The number of read and write I/O operations completed by the LUN per second. LUN Latency: The I/O response latency of the LUN.
Host	NIC	NIC Data Transfer Rate: The current send and receive rate of the resource NIC. NIC Packet Rate: The current send and receive packet rate of the resource NIC. NIC Packet Discard Rate: The current packet drop rate for outgoing and incoming packets on the resource NIC. Network Packet Drops: The number of newly dropped packets in the receive and transmit directions on a physical NIC of the host during a sampling interval. Excludes drops on software interfaces such as software bridges and is not a per-second drop rate.
VM	CPU	CPU Utilization: The proportion of time the CPU is in a non-idle state. CPU Idle Rate: The proportion of time the CPU is in an idle state. CPU Occupancy Rate (System Process): The proportion of time the CPU spends in kernel space. CPU Occupancy Rate (User Process): The proportion of time the CPU spends in user space. CPU Occupancy Rate Average (Waiting): The proportion of time the CPU spends waiting for disk I/O. CPU Ready Time: The total time that ready vCPUs spend waiting to be scheduled on a host CPU during a sampling interval, in milliseconds. You can view the total for all vCPUs or the value for an individual vCPU. CPU Readiness: vCPU scheduling wait time as a percentage. The aggregate is calculated as CPU Ready Time ÷ (sampling interval in milliseconds × number of vCPUs) × 100%. The value for an individual vCPU is calculated using that vCPU's ready time and the sampling interval.
VM	Memory	Memory Usage: The amount of memory used by the VM. Available Memory Capacity: The available amount of resource memory that can be used. Free Memory Capacity: The amount of unused memory in the VM. Total Memory Capacity: The total amount of resource memory. Memory Idle Rate: The percentage of resource memory currently in an idle state. Memory Utilization: The percentage of resource memory currently in use. Memory Usage and Free Memory Capacity data for Basic Monitoring are collected from the host and do not require VMTools. With Advanced Monitoring enabled, you can also view data collected from inside the VM. Available Memory Capacity, Total Memory Capacity, Memory Idle Rate, and Memory Utilization require Advanced Monitoring data. Install VMTools in the VM and ensure that Advanced Monitoring is running.
VM	Disk	Disk Speed: The read and write speed of the resource disk. Disk IOPS: The read and write IOPS of the resource disk. I/O Latency: The average time taken by a VM disk to complete a read or write request during a sampling interval, in milliseconds. You can view values by disk or as an aggregate. Aggregate values are weighted by the number of read or write requests completed by each disk, with weighted average read and write latencies calculated separately. Disk Utilization: The percentage of used capacity on the resource disk. Disk Idle Rate: The percentage of idle capacity on the resource disk. Disk Usage Capacity: The amount of used capacity on the resource disk. Disk Idle Capacity: The amount of free capacity on the resource disk.
VM	NIC	NIC Data Transfer Rate: The current send and receive rate of the resource NIC. NIC Packet Rate: The current send and receive packet rate of the resource NIC. NIC Packet Discard Rate: The current packet drop rate for outgoing and incoming packets on the resource NIC. Network Packet Drops: The number of newly dropped packets in the receive and transmit directions on the host-side virtual interface of a VM NIC during a sampling interval. Does not represent all packet drops within the VM's operating system or applications and is not a per-second drop rate.
Data Storage	Capacity	Capacity Percent Used: The percentage of capacity currently used by the resource.
Standalone Image Storage/Distributed Image Storage	Capacity	Capacity Percent Used: The percentage of capacity currently used by the resource.
Standalone Image Storage	CPU, disk, memory, NIC	CPU Utilization: The proportion of time the CPU is in a non-idle state. CPU Idle Rate: The proportion of time the CPU is in an idle state. CPU Occupancy Rate (System Process): The proportion of time the CPU spends in kernel space, performing typical operations such as memory allocation, I/O operations, and creating child processes. CPU Occupancy Rate (User Process): The proportion of time the CPU spends in user space, running typical user-space programs such as shells, databases, and web servers. CPU Occupancy Rate Average (Waiting): The proportion of time the CPU spends waiting for the hard disk drive to load data into memory after initiating a read or write operation. Disk Speed: The read and write speed of the resource disk. Disk IOPS: The read and write IOPS of the resource disk. Memory Usage: The amount of used and free resource memory. NIC Data Transfer Rate: The current send and receive rate of the resource NIC. NIC Packet Rate: The current send and receive packet rate of the resource NIC. NIC Packet Discard Rate: The current packet drop rate for outgoing and incoming packets on the resource NIC.
Distributed Port Group	IP	Used IP Percentage (IPv4): The percentage of IPv4 addresses currently used by the resource. Available IP Percentage (IPv4): The percentage of remaining available IPv4 addresses on the resource.

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